S Jaishankar, Abbas Araghchi (File photos) External Affairs Minister S Jaishankar on Saturday greeted his Iranian counterpart Abbas Araghchi, and discussed the ongoing conflict in West Asia.In a post on X, Jaishankar said, “Spoke this evening to FM Araghchi of Iran. Conveyed greetings for Navroz and Eid. Our conversation was on the latest developments regarding the conflict. And its implications for the larger region.”   Watch Jaishankar Speaks To Iran FM Araghchi, Discusses West Asia Conflict, Strait Of Hormuz Situation The conversation comes at a time when tensions in the region remain high. According to a post by the Iranian embassy in India, during the call, Araghchi referred to the situation in the Persian Gulf and the Strait of Hormuz as part of a broader regional crisis. He said it was a result of “the hostile and aggressive actions of the United States and Israel.”Israel Iran WarUS-Israel-Iran War News Live Updates: Iran vows tit-for-tat strike after Trump’s 48hr ultimatum, threatens to hit US-Israel energy facilityWatch: Missile strike rocks Israel’s ‘Little India’ as Iran attack injures over 40; videos show chaosOver 100 injured in Israel amid Iran’s missile attack; Netanyahu calls it ‘difficult evening in battle for future’Iran’s foreign minister further stressed that any improvement in the situation would depend on stopping these actions. “Normalisation of the situation depends on the cessation of attacks and aggression by the aggressors, and that any halt to the war must be accompanied by guarantees preventing the recurrence of such aggressions,” he said, according to the embassy’s statement.Earlier, Prime Minister Narendra Modi also spoke with Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian and extended greetings on the festivals. During the call, both leaders discussed the situation in West Asia and expressed concern over its impact on regional stability.In a post on X, the Prime Minister said, “Spoke with President Dr Masoud Pezeshkian and conveyed Eid and Nowruz greetings. We expressed hope that this festive season brings peace, stability and prosperity to West Asia.”The Prime Minister also raised concerns over recent attacks in the region. “Condemned attacks on critical infrastructure in the region, which threaten regional stability and disrupt global supply chains. Reiterated the importance of safeguarding freedom of navigation and ensuring that shipping lanes remain open and secure,” the PM wrote.He further appreciated Iran’s support in ensuring the safety of Indian nationals living in the country.The tensions in West Asia began on February 28 following the killing of Iran’s Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei in joint strikes by the United States and Israel. Iran has responded by targeting US and Israeli assets in several Gulf countries and Israel, disrupting key waterways and affecting global energy markets.About the AuthorTOI News DeskThe TOI News Desk comprises a dedicated and tireless team of journalists who operate around the clock to deliver the most current and comprehensive news and updates to the readers of The Times of India worldwide. With an unwavering commitment to excellence in journalism, our team is at the forefront of gathering, verifying, and presenting breaking news, in-depth analysis, and insightful reports on a wide range of topics. The TOI News Desk is your trusted source for staying informed and connected to the ever-evolving global landscape, ensuring that our readers are equipped with the latest developments that matter most.”Read MoreEnd of ArticleFollow Us On Social MediaVideosLPG Tanker ‘Pyxis Pioneer’ With Over 47,000 Tonnes Of Fuel From US Arrives At New Mangalore PortSeveral Injured In Dimona As Iranian Missile Hits Israel’s ‘Little India’; Videos Show ChaosJaishankar Speaks To Iran FM Araghchi, Discusses West Asia Conflict, Strait Of Hormuz Situation”Claims Are Baseless” Says Former Envoy Sanjay Verma On Trudeau’s AllegationsRahul Gandhi Warns Of Inflation Wave Amid Rupee Fall, Slams Modi Govt Over StrategyVillage Playgrounds To Mega Stadiums: Yogi Adityanath Outlines UP Sports VisionIndia Weighs Return To Iranian Crude As US Grants Short Waiver During Oil Supply DisruptionTamil Nadu Elections 2026: Chidambaram Targets AIADMK-BJP Alliance, EPS’s Delhi Visits Trigger RowINS Taragiri To Commission by April 2026, Fourth Project 17A Stealth Frigate to Join In 11 MonthsHandmade Rumani Semiya & Sheer Kurma | Ramzan Tradition from Chennai123PhotostoriesWhat happens to your heart after a stressful day? Why it doesn’t fully rest, and how to help it recover7 hyperlocal foods of Uttar Pradesh with GI-tag that one needs to tryDinesh Karthik’s self-designed bungalow in Chennai with superstar Rajinikanth as his neighbour is a ₹10 crore sporting sanctuary7 traditional ways India enjoys raw mango during summerTour of Sania Mirza’s ₹13 crore Hyderabad residence; a Greek-inspired luxury villa with personal styleIMD issues nationwide alert: Rain, thunderstorms, gusty winds to hit these states; all you need to knowTop 5 luxury real estate hotspots in Gurgaon for future growthThe 50: From when and where to watch, prize money to the top 12 contestants- all you need to know ahead of the grand finaleCute first and middle names for your baby girlHigh-protein breakfast: 8 vegetarian parathas that offer 20 g protein per serving123Hot PicksIran newsGautam SinghaniaStrait of HormuzGold rate todayIncome Tax CalculatorPublic holidays March 2026Bank Holidays MarchTop TrendingBihar board result 2026Air India Boeing 77760% free seat ruleQatar LNG ExportsMojtaba KhameneiJames GraceySpring EquinoxDiesel price hike8th Pay CommissionPremium Petrol Price Hike

S Jaishankar, Abbas Araghchi (File photos) External Affairs Minister S Jaishankar on Saturday greeted his Iranian counterpart Abbas Araghchi, and discussed the ongoing conflict in West Asia.In a post on X, Jaishankar said, “Spoke this evening to FM Araghchi of Iran. Conveyed greetings for Navroz and Eid. Our conversation was on the latest developments regarding the conflict. And its implications for the larger region.” Watch Jaishankar Speaks To Iran FM Araghchi, Discusses West Asia Conflict, Strait Of Hormuz Situation The conversation comes at a time when tensions in the region remain high. According to a post by the Iranian embassy in India, during the call, Araghchi referred to the situation in the Persian Gulf and the Strait of Hormuz as part of a broader regional crisis. He said it was a result of “the hostile and aggressive actions of the United States and Israel.”Israel Iran WarUS-Israel-Iran War News Live Updates: Iran vows tit-for-tat strike after Trump’s 48hr ultimatum, threatens to hit US-Israel energy facilityWatch: Missile strike rocks Israel’s ‘Little India’ as Iran attack injures over 40; videos show chaosOver 100 injured in Israel amid Iran’s missile attack; Netanyahu calls it ‘difficult evening in battle for future’Iran’s foreign minister further stressed that any improvement in the situation would depend on stopping these actions. “Normalisation of the situation depends on the cessation of attacks and aggression by the aggressors, and that any halt to the war must be accompanied by guarantees preventing the recurrence of such aggressions,” he said, according to the embassy’s statement.Earlier, Prime Minister Narendra Modi also spoke with Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian and extended greetings on the festivals. During the call, both leaders discussed the situation in West Asia and expressed concern over its impact on regional stability.In a post on X, the Prime Minister said, “Spoke with President Dr Masoud Pezeshkian and conveyed Eid and Nowruz greetings. We expressed hope that this festive season brings peace, stability and prosperity to West Asia.”The Prime Minister also raised concerns over recent attacks in the region. “Condemned attacks on critical infrastructure in the region, which threaten regional stability and disrupt global supply chains. Reiterated the importance of safeguarding freedom of navigation and ensuring that shipping lanes remain open and secure,” the PM wrote.He further appreciated Iran’s support in ensuring the safety of Indian nationals living in the country.The tensions in West Asia began on February 28 following the killing of Iran’s Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei in joint strikes by the United States and Israel. Iran has responded by targeting US and Israeli assets in several Gulf countries and Israel, disrupting key waterways and affecting global energy markets.About the AuthorTOI News DeskThe TOI News Desk comprises a dedicated and tireless team of journalists who operate around the clock to deliver the most current and comprehensive news and updates to the readers of The Times of India worldwide. With an unwavering commitment to excellence in journalism, our team is at the forefront of gathering, verifying, and presenting breaking news, in-depth analysis, and insightful reports on a wide range of topics. The TOI News Desk is your trusted source for staying informed and connected to the ever-evolving global landscape, ensuring that our readers are equipped with the latest developments that matter most.”Read MoreEnd of ArticleFollow Us On Social MediaVideosLPG Tanker ‘Pyxis Pioneer’ With Over 47,000 Tonnes Of Fuel From US Arrives At New Mangalore PortSeveral Injured In Dimona As Iranian Missile Hits Israel’s ‘Little India’; Videos Show ChaosJaishankar Speaks To Iran FM Araghchi, Discusses West Asia Conflict, Strait Of Hormuz Situation”Claims Are Baseless” Says Former Envoy Sanjay Verma On Trudeau’s AllegationsRahul Gandhi Warns Of Inflation Wave Amid Rupee Fall, Slams Modi Govt Over StrategyVillage Playgrounds To Mega Stadiums: Yogi Adityanath Outlines UP Sports VisionIndia Weighs Return To Iranian Crude As US Grants Short Waiver During Oil Supply DisruptionTamil Nadu Elections 2026: Chidambaram Targets AIADMK-BJP Alliance, EPS’s Delhi Visits Trigger RowINS Taragiri To Commission by April 2026, Fourth Project 17A Stealth Frigate to Join In 11 MonthsHandmade Rumani Semiya & Sheer Kurma | Ramzan Tradition from Chennai123PhotostoriesWhat happens to your heart after a stressful day? Why it doesn’t fully rest, and how to help it recover7 hyperlocal foods of Uttar Pradesh with GI-tag that one needs to tryDinesh Karthik’s self-designed bungalow in Chennai with superstar Rajinikanth as his neighbour is a ₹10 crore sporting sanctuary7 traditional ways India enjoys raw mango during summerTour of Sania Mirza’s ₹13 crore Hyderabad residence; a Greek-inspired luxury villa with personal styleIMD issues nationwide alert: Rain, thunderstorms, gusty winds to hit these states; all you need to knowTop 5 luxury real estate hotspots in Gurgaon for future growthThe 50: From when and where to watch, prize money to the top 12 contestants- all you need to know ahead of the grand finaleCute first and middle names for your baby girlHigh-protein breakfast: 8 vegetarian parathas that offer 20 g protein per serving123Hot PicksIran newsGautam SinghaniaStrait of HormuzGold rate todayIncome Tax CalculatorPublic holidays March 2026Bank Holidays MarchTop TrendingBihar board result 2026Air India Boeing 77760% free seat ruleQatar LNG ExportsMojtaba KhameneiJames GraceySpring EquinoxDiesel price hike8th Pay CommissionPremium Petrol Price Hike

S Jaishankar, Abbas Araghchi (File photos) External Affairs Minister S Jaishankar on Saturday greeted his Iranian counterpart Abbas Araghchi, and discussed the ongoing conflict in West Asia.In a post on X, Jaishankar said, “Spoke this evening to FM Araghchi of Iran. Conveyed greetings for Navroz and Eid. Our conversation was on the latest developments regarding…

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An AI-generated image  Every year on March 21, the world observes World Down Syndrome Day, a date that reflects the very nature of the condition it represents. The symbolism of 3/21 marks the presence of three copies of chromosome 21, a genetic variation that shapes millions of lives across the globe.Down syndrome, or Trisomy 21, is the most common chromosomal condition worldwide. It occurs when an individual has an extra copy of chromosome 21, resulting in 47 chromosomes instead of the usual 46 in each cell, influencing physical growth, cognitive development, and aspects of social skill development. It is present from the moment of conception and occurs sporadically, meaning it is not caused by anything a parent does during or before pregnancy.Israel Iran WarUS-Israel-Iran War News Live Updates: Iran vows tit-for-tat strike after Trump’s 48hr ultimatum, threatens to hit US-Israel energy facilityWatch: Missile strike rocks Israel’s ‘Little India’ as Iran attack injures over 40; videos show chaosOver 100 injured in Israel amid Iran’s missile attack; Netanyahu calls it ‘difficult evening in battle for future’ Only a small proportion of cases, around 1%, are hereditary, typically due to translocation, where genetic material is passed on to the child from a parent.According to the Down Syndrome Federation of India, it affects approximately one in every 800 to 1,000 live births in India, amounting to nearly 30,000 children each year.Yet, while its biology is relatively well understood, the story of Down syndrome is not defined by chromosomes alone. It is shaped by access to care, early intervention, inclusion, and, perhaps most importantly, by how society chooses to see it.What is Down Syndrome?Understanding the geneticsIn nearly 95% of cases, Down syndrome occurs due to nondisjunction, a process that occurs when the two copies of chromosome 21 fail to separate during egg or sperm formation, leading to a fertilized egg with three copies of chromosome 21 instead of two (trisomy 21). This is why it is the predominant cause.However, there are two less common forms: mosaic and translocation.Mosaic Down syndrome – Here, the nondisjunction event happens after fertilization in one of the early cell divisions. As a result, only a proportion of cells carry the extra chromosome. The degree of mosaicism can influence the severity of physical and cognitive traits, often making them less pronounced than in full trisomy 21.Translocation Down syndrome – In this form, an extra copy of chromosome 21 attaches to another chromosome (often chromosome 14). Unlike nondisjunction, this form can sometimes be inherited from a parent who carries a balanced translocation, meaning the parent has no extra chromosome material and may be unaffected.The 3 forms of Down SyndromeThough less common, both forms highlight an important reality that Down syndrome is not uniform.Recognising early signs and confirming diagnosisIn infancy, early signs often present as developmental delays or certain physical features.“Early signs of Down syndrome in infants may include certain physical features and developmental delays, such as slower head control or delayed response to stimuli,” explains Dr. Manish Mittal, senior consultant-paediatric.However, these signs can overlap with typical developmental variations.“A definitive diagnosis cannot rely on observation alone. Genetic testing is essential to confirm the condition,” he says.Doctors typically confirm the diagnosis through a karyotype test, a chromosomal analysis performed on a blood sample. During pregnancy, screening methods such as ultrasound markers and maternal blood tests may indicate the likelihood, followed by confirmatory procedures like amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling (CVS).“Early screening, along with timely medical evaluation and intervention, plays a crucial role in ensuring better health and developmental outcomes,” Dr. Mittal adds..Physical traits and developmental differencesDown syndrome is associated with a range of physical characteristics, though not all individuals will display all of them.Common features may include a flat facial profile, small head, flat nasal bridge, upward-slanting eyes, a small mouth with a relatively larger tongue, and most commonly low muscle tone. Individuals may also have smaller, low-set ears, short stature, broad hands with a single deep crease across the palm, a curved fifth finger, and a noticeable gap between the toes. Increased joint flexibility is also frequently observed.Alongside these physical traits, developmental delays are common such as mild to moderate intellectual disability.“Children with Down syndrome are delayed in achieving their motor and cognitive milestones,” says Dr. Ratna Dua Puri, chairperson, Institute of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital..However, she emphasizes that these delays should not be seen as limitations. “Children with Down syndrome are capable of achieving all major life milestones and are increasingly participating in a wide range of activities. “However, these children can do everything in life. They will walk, they can go to school, and now they are doing various activities” Dr. Ratna adds.Thus, it is important to recognize that developmental delays in individuals with Down syndrome should not be treated as absolute developmental limits for their potential as the pace of development may differ, but progress is still there.While some individuals may not pursue higher education, many attend school and acquire life skills, and increasingly find employment opportunities.The critical window: Why early intervention mattersPrenatal screening methods, including ultrasound markers and maternal blood tests, can help identify the likelihood of Down syndrome during pregnancy, allowing families to allowing families to better understand the condition and prepare for early care and supportEarly intervention plays a defining role in shaping outcomes.“This involves helping them with their muscle tone so that they can sit, stand and hold their heads,” explains Dr. Puri. “It is also important for assisting them in developing language and communication.”Therapies such as occupational therapy, physical therapy, and speech therapy form the backbone of this support, often delivered through specialised child development centres that bring together multidisciplinary care.But these structured sessions are only part of the process.“These are just one-hour sessions. Parents need to incorporate what they learn into their daily interactions with the child, in a fun and engaging way. That is what leads to the best outcomes,” she says.She also emphasises reducing passive screen exposure and encouraging direct engagement, talking, playing, and stimulating the child’s senses.It is in these everyday moments that development gathers momentum.The United Nations also emphasises that access to adequate healthcare, early intervention programmes, inclusive education, and appropriate research is vital to the growth and development of individuals with Down syndrome.Pregnancy, fertility, and recurrenceOne of the most common misconceptions around Down syndrome relates to maternal age. While the likelihood increases with age, the broader picture is more complex.A significant proportion, around 85%, of children with Down syndrome are born to mothers under 35, largely because more births occur in this age group.For families who already have one child with Down syndrome, the chance of having another child with the condition is slightly higher than the general population, in addition to the baseline risk associated with maternal age.Fertility patterns also differ in individuals with Down Syndrome. Males with Down syndrome typically have reduced sperm counts and as a result they may experience infertility. Females, however, can have regular menstrual cycles and may conceive and carry a pregnancy to term, making appropriate counselling and healthcare guidance essential.Health considerations across the lifespanIndividuals with Down syndrome may face a range of associated health conditions, particularly if not monitored early.Congenital heart defects are among the most common, often requiring medical or surgical management in infancy. Thyroid disorders, especially hypothyroidism, are also frequently observed. Hearing and vision impairments, recurrent infections, and low muscle tone can further influence early development.As individuals grow older, the risk profile evolves. There is a higher likelihood of obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome, along with conditions such as cataracts and other visual problems. Mental health concerns, including depression, may emerge, particularly during life transitions.There is also an increased risk of early-onset dementia, with symptoms similar to Alzheimer’s disease. In many cases, early signs may first appear as subtle changes in behaviour rather than memory alone, making close observation essential.At the same time, individuals with Down syndrome appear to be less prone to certain conditions common in the general population, including atherosclerosis and some solid tumour cancers.With consistent medical care and monitoring, many individuals today live longer, healthier lives, with life expectancy now extending to around 60 years and beyond.Education, transition, and adulthoodThe landscape of education is steadily evolving. Increasingly, children with Down syndrome are included in mainstream classrooms, sometimes partially, often fully, depending on individual abilities.Many go on to complete school education, pursue vocational training, and in some cases, engage in post-secondary education.As they transition into adulthood, new challenges and opportunities emerge. Some individuals move into supported housing or independent living arrangements, take up employment, and build social relationships.This transition, however, requires careful support. What determines these outcomes is not just ability, but access to early support and inclusive environments.Inclusion in education and societyThe conversation around Down syndrome is increasingly shifting, from care to inclusion.Children today are part of classrooms, playgrounds, and communities. Adults are entering workplaces, contributing across sectors, and building independent lives.Yet, true inclusion is not just about access, it is about perception.Ritika, a special educator, points out that many societal beliefs continue to underestimate what individuals with Down syndrome are capable of achieving.She beautifully captures this perspective, “If the world could see my students the way I do, we would shift our focus from their limitations to their incredible strengths. We would celebrate their resilience, creativity, and infectious enthusiasm. Inclusion would no longer be an obligation, but a natural choice, because they are valuable contributors to society.My students would be asked about their dreams, their ideas, and their passions, not just their condition. We would learn from their unique ways of problem-solving, their ability to find joy in simple moments, and their deep capacity for empathy and love. Ultimately, we’d realise that inclusion isn’t a favour; it’s a mutual enrichment”, she adds..As conversations around Down syndrome continue to evolve, the shift that is needed is not just in awareness, but in action and acceptance. Inclusion must move beyond policy into everyday practice, in education, healthcare, workplaces, and communities. Ultimately, the question is not what individuals with Down syndrome can achieve, but whether society is willing to create the supportive conditions that allow them to reach their full potential and be truly supported and accepted as they are.End of ArticleFollow Us On Social MediaVideos‘Selective Narrative’: 275 Ex-Officials, Judges Slam USCIRF Over ‘Disturbing’ Report On IndiaLPG Tanker ‘Pyxis Pioneer’ With Over 47,000 Tonnes Of Fuel From US Arrives At New Mangalore PortSeveral Injured In Dimona As Iranian Missile Hits Israel’s ‘Little India’; Videos Show ChaosJaishankar Speaks To Iran FM Araghchi, Discusses West Asia Conflict, Strait Of Hormuz Situation”Claims Are Baseless” Says Former Envoy Sanjay Verma On Trudeau’s AllegationsRahul Gandhi Warns Of Inflation Wave Amid Rupee Fall, Slams Modi Govt Over StrategyVillage Playgrounds To Mega Stadiums: Yogi Adityanath Outlines UP Sports VisionIndia Weighs Return To Iranian Crude As US Grants Short Waiver During Oil Supply DisruptionTamil Nadu Elections 2026: Chidambaram Targets AIADMK-BJP Alliance, EPS’s Delhi Visits Trigger RowINS Taragiri To Commission by April 2026, Fourth Project 17A Stealth Frigate to Join In 11 Months123PhotostoriesMega boost for Mumbai-Ahmedabad bullet train corridor; underground work to begin in 3 monthsHow rich is Abhishek Malhan aka Fukra Insaan’s sister Prerna Malhan? 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An AI-generated image Every year on March 21, the world observes World Down Syndrome Day, a date that reflects the very nature of the condition it represents. The symbolism of 3/21 marks the presence of three copies of chromosome 21, a genetic variation that shapes millions of lives across the globe.Down syndrome, or Trisomy 21, is the most common chromosomal condition worldwide. It occurs when an individual has an extra copy of chromosome 21, resulting in 47 chromosomes instead of the usual 46 in each cell, influencing physical growth, cognitive development, and aspects of social skill development. It is present from the moment of conception and occurs sporadically, meaning it is not caused by anything a parent does during or before pregnancy.Israel Iran WarUS-Israel-Iran War News Live Updates: Iran vows tit-for-tat strike after Trump’s 48hr ultimatum, threatens to hit US-Israel energy facilityWatch: Missile strike rocks Israel’s ‘Little India’ as Iran attack injures over 40; videos show chaosOver 100 injured in Israel amid Iran’s missile attack; Netanyahu calls it ‘difficult evening in battle for future’ Only a small proportion of cases, around 1%, are hereditary, typically due to translocation, where genetic material is passed on to the child from a parent.According to the Down Syndrome Federation of India, it affects approximately one in every 800 to 1,000 live births in India, amounting to nearly 30,000 children each year.Yet, while its biology is relatively well understood, the story of Down syndrome is not defined by chromosomes alone. It is shaped by access to care, early intervention, inclusion, and, perhaps most importantly, by how society chooses to see it.What is Down Syndrome?Understanding the geneticsIn nearly 95% of cases, Down syndrome occurs due to nondisjunction, a process that occurs when the two copies of chromosome 21 fail to separate during egg or sperm formation, leading to a fertilized egg with three copies of chromosome 21 instead of two (trisomy 21). This is why it is the predominant cause.However, there are two less common forms: mosaic and translocation.Mosaic Down syndrome – Here, the nondisjunction event happens after fertilization in one of the early cell divisions. As a result, only a proportion of cells carry the extra chromosome. The degree of mosaicism can influence the severity of physical and cognitive traits, often making them less pronounced than in full trisomy 21.Translocation Down syndrome – In this form, an extra copy of chromosome 21 attaches to another chromosome (often chromosome 14). Unlike nondisjunction, this form can sometimes be inherited from a parent who carries a balanced translocation, meaning the parent has no extra chromosome material and may be unaffected.The 3 forms of Down SyndromeThough less common, both forms highlight an important reality that Down syndrome is not uniform.Recognising early signs and confirming diagnosisIn infancy, early signs often present as developmental delays or certain physical features.“Early signs of Down syndrome in infants may include certain physical features and developmental delays, such as slower head control or delayed response to stimuli,” explains Dr. Manish Mittal, senior consultant-paediatric.However, these signs can overlap with typical developmental variations.“A definitive diagnosis cannot rely on observation alone. Genetic testing is essential to confirm the condition,” he says.Doctors typically confirm the diagnosis through a karyotype test, a chromosomal analysis performed on a blood sample. During pregnancy, screening methods such as ultrasound markers and maternal blood tests may indicate the likelihood, followed by confirmatory procedures like amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling (CVS).“Early screening, along with timely medical evaluation and intervention, plays a crucial role in ensuring better health and developmental outcomes,” Dr. Mittal adds..Physical traits and developmental differencesDown syndrome is associated with a range of physical characteristics, though not all individuals will display all of them.Common features may include a flat facial profile, small head, flat nasal bridge, upward-slanting eyes, a small mouth with a relatively larger tongue, and most commonly low muscle tone. Individuals may also have smaller, low-set ears, short stature, broad hands with a single deep crease across the palm, a curved fifth finger, and a noticeable gap between the toes. Increased joint flexibility is also frequently observed.Alongside these physical traits, developmental delays are common such as mild to moderate intellectual disability.“Children with Down syndrome are delayed in achieving their motor and cognitive milestones,” says Dr. Ratna Dua Puri, chairperson, Institute of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital..However, she emphasizes that these delays should not be seen as limitations. “Children with Down syndrome are capable of achieving all major life milestones and are increasingly participating in a wide range of activities. “However, these children can do everything in life. They will walk, they can go to school, and now they are doing various activities” Dr. Ratna adds.Thus, it is important to recognize that developmental delays in individuals with Down syndrome should not be treated as absolute developmental limits for their potential as the pace of development may differ, but progress is still there.While some individuals may not pursue higher education, many attend school and acquire life skills, and increasingly find employment opportunities.The critical window: Why early intervention mattersPrenatal screening methods, including ultrasound markers and maternal blood tests, can help identify the likelihood of Down syndrome during pregnancy, allowing families to allowing families to better understand the condition and prepare for early care and supportEarly intervention plays a defining role in shaping outcomes.“This involves helping them with their muscle tone so that they can sit, stand and hold their heads,” explains Dr. Puri. “It is also important for assisting them in developing language and communication.”Therapies such as occupational therapy, physical therapy, and speech therapy form the backbone of this support, often delivered through specialised child development centres that bring together multidisciplinary care.But these structured sessions are only part of the process.“These are just one-hour sessions. Parents need to incorporate what they learn into their daily interactions with the child, in a fun and engaging way. That is what leads to the best outcomes,” she says.She also emphasises reducing passive screen exposure and encouraging direct engagement, talking, playing, and stimulating the child’s senses.It is in these everyday moments that development gathers momentum.The United Nations also emphasises that access to adequate healthcare, early intervention programmes, inclusive education, and appropriate research is vital to the growth and development of individuals with Down syndrome.Pregnancy, fertility, and recurrenceOne of the most common misconceptions around Down syndrome relates to maternal age. While the likelihood increases with age, the broader picture is more complex.A significant proportion, around 85%, of children with Down syndrome are born to mothers under 35, largely because more births occur in this age group.For families who already have one child with Down syndrome, the chance of having another child with the condition is slightly higher than the general population, in addition to the baseline risk associated with maternal age.Fertility patterns also differ in individuals with Down Syndrome. Males with Down syndrome typically have reduced sperm counts and as a result they may experience infertility. Females, however, can have regular menstrual cycles and may conceive and carry a pregnancy to term, making appropriate counselling and healthcare guidance essential.Health considerations across the lifespanIndividuals with Down syndrome may face a range of associated health conditions, particularly if not monitored early.Congenital heart defects are among the most common, often requiring medical or surgical management in infancy. Thyroid disorders, especially hypothyroidism, are also frequently observed. Hearing and vision impairments, recurrent infections, and low muscle tone can further influence early development.As individuals grow older, the risk profile evolves. There is a higher likelihood of obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome, along with conditions such as cataracts and other visual problems. Mental health concerns, including depression, may emerge, particularly during life transitions.There is also an increased risk of early-onset dementia, with symptoms similar to Alzheimer’s disease. In many cases, early signs may first appear as subtle changes in behaviour rather than memory alone, making close observation essential.At the same time, individuals with Down syndrome appear to be less prone to certain conditions common in the general population, including atherosclerosis and some solid tumour cancers.With consistent medical care and monitoring, many individuals today live longer, healthier lives, with life expectancy now extending to around 60 years and beyond.Education, transition, and adulthoodThe landscape of education is steadily evolving. Increasingly, children with Down syndrome are included in mainstream classrooms, sometimes partially, often fully, depending on individual abilities.Many go on to complete school education, pursue vocational training, and in some cases, engage in post-secondary education.As they transition into adulthood, new challenges and opportunities emerge. Some individuals move into supported housing or independent living arrangements, take up employment, and build social relationships.This transition, however, requires careful support. What determines these outcomes is not just ability, but access to early support and inclusive environments.Inclusion in education and societyThe conversation around Down syndrome is increasingly shifting, from care to inclusion.Children today are part of classrooms, playgrounds, and communities. Adults are entering workplaces, contributing across sectors, and building independent lives.Yet, true inclusion is not just about access, it is about perception.Ritika, a special educator, points out that many societal beliefs continue to underestimate what individuals with Down syndrome are capable of achieving.She beautifully captures this perspective, “If the world could see my students the way I do, we would shift our focus from their limitations to their incredible strengths. We would celebrate their resilience, creativity, and infectious enthusiasm. Inclusion would no longer be an obligation, but a natural choice, because they are valuable contributors to society.My students would be asked about their dreams, their ideas, and their passions, not just their condition. We would learn from their unique ways of problem-solving, their ability to find joy in simple moments, and their deep capacity for empathy and love. Ultimately, we’d realise that inclusion isn’t a favour; it’s a mutual enrichment”, she adds..As conversations around Down syndrome continue to evolve, the shift that is needed is not just in awareness, but in action and acceptance. Inclusion must move beyond policy into everyday practice, in education, healthcare, workplaces, and communities. Ultimately, the question is not what individuals with Down syndrome can achieve, but whether society is willing to create the supportive conditions that allow them to reach their full potential and be truly supported and accepted as they are.End of ArticleFollow Us On Social MediaVideos‘Selective Narrative’: 275 Ex-Officials, Judges Slam USCIRF Over ‘Disturbing’ Report On IndiaLPG Tanker ‘Pyxis Pioneer’ With Over 47,000 Tonnes Of Fuel From US Arrives At New Mangalore PortSeveral Injured In Dimona As Iranian Missile Hits Israel’s ‘Little India’; Videos Show ChaosJaishankar Speaks To Iran FM Araghchi, Discusses West Asia Conflict, Strait Of Hormuz Situation”Claims Are Baseless” Says Former Envoy Sanjay Verma On Trudeau’s AllegationsRahul Gandhi Warns Of Inflation Wave Amid Rupee Fall, Slams Modi Govt Over StrategyVillage Playgrounds To Mega Stadiums: Yogi Adityanath Outlines UP Sports VisionIndia Weighs Return To Iranian Crude As US Grants Short Waiver During Oil Supply DisruptionTamil Nadu Elections 2026: Chidambaram Targets AIADMK-BJP Alliance, EPS’s Delhi Visits Trigger RowINS Taragiri To Commission by April 2026, Fourth Project 17A Stealth Frigate to Join In 11 Months123PhotostoriesMega boost for Mumbai-Ahmedabad bullet train corridor; underground work to begin in 3 monthsHow rich is Abhishek Malhan aka Fukra Insaan’s sister Prerna Malhan? Net worth, luxury house, income and moreTop 7 premium residential hotspots in NoidaWhat happens to your heart after a stressful day? Why it doesn’t fully rest, and how to help it recover7 hyperlocal foods of Uttar Pradesh with GI-tag that one needs to tryDinesh Karthik’s self-designed bungalow in Chennai with superstar Rajinikanth as his neighbour is a ₹10 crore sporting sanctuary7 traditional ways India enjoys raw mango during summerTour of Sania Mirza’s ₹13 crore Hyderabad residence; a Greek-inspired luxury villa with personal styleIMD issues nationwide alert: Rain, thunderstorms, gusty winds to hit these states; all you need to knowTop 5 luxury real estate hotspots in Gurgaon for future growth123Hot PicksIran newsGautam SinghaniaStrait of HormuzGold rate todayIncome Tax CalculatorPublic holidays March 2026Bank Holidays MarchTop TrendingBihar board result 2026Air India Boeing 77760% free seat ruleQatar LNG ExportsMojtaba KhameneiJames GraceySpring EquinoxDiesel price hike8th Pay CommissionPremium Petrol Price Hike

Every year on March 21, the world observes World Down Syndrome Day, a date that reflects the very nature of the condition it represents. The symbolism of 3/21 marks the presence of three copies of chromosome 21, a genetic variation that shapes millions of lives across the globe.Down syndrome, or Trisomy 21, is the most…

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IP University launches M Tech robotics and AI course with 21 seats for 2026 intake

IP University launches M Tech robotics and AI course with 21 seats for 2026 intake

GGSIPU introduces M Tech robotics and AI programme amid rising demand for skilled professionals NEW DELHI: Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University has announced the launch of a new postgraduate programme in robotics and artificial intelligence for the upcoming academic session 2026-27. The new course will be offered by the University School of Information, Communication, and…

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‘Dhurandhar 2’: Fans catch cameraman reflection in Ranveer Singh fight scene, peak detailing goes viral

‘Dhurandhar 2’: Fans catch cameraman reflection in Ranveer Singh fight scene, peak detailing goes viral

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Boyan Slat: A Dutch teen who turned a school project into a mission to remove 90% of ocean plastic by 2040

Boyan Slat: A Dutch teen who turned a school project into a mission to remove 90% of ocean plastic by 2040

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After Trump’s 48-hour ultimatum, Iran says ships can pass Hormuz Strait — except ‘enemy’ vessels

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AI-generated image Iran on Sunday said the Strait of Hormuz remains open to all shipping except that of its “enemies” – a reference to the United States and Israel—amid a 48-hour “ultimatum” from US President Donald Trump to “fully open” the crucial waterway, which carries about 20% of the global crude oil supply.Also Read |…

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US House resolution seeks ‘genocide’ tag for Pakistan’s 1971 atrocities on Bengali Hindus

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US House(L); refugees fleeing East Pakistan in 1971 (R, AP file photo) US Congressman Greg Landsman has introduced a resolution in the House of Representatives seeking to recognise the atrocities committed by Pakistani army and its allies, against Bengali Hindus in 1971, as war crimes and genocide.Landsman, a Democrat from Ohio, moved the resolution on…

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PM Narendra Modi (Image/PTI) NEW DELHI: Prime Minister Narendra Modi on Sunday became the longest-serving head of a government, completing 8,931 days in office. He surpassed the previous record held by Pawan Kumar Chamling who served as Sikkim’s chief minister for over 24 years, remaining 8930 days in office.PM Modi served as the chief minister of Gujarat for over 13 years from October 7, 2001 to May 21, 2014. During this period, he became the longest-serving chief minister of the state, winning four consecutive terms in 2001, 2002, 2007 and 2012.He later assumed office as the Prime Minister of India in 2014 and has since been re-elected in 2019 and 2024, making him a three-term PM.Defence minister Rajnath Singh congratulated PM Modi for achieving a significant milestone in his long public service.Israel Iran WarUS-Israel-Iran War News Live Updates: Iran vows tit-for-tat strike after Trump’s 48hr ultimatum, threatens to hit US-Israel energy facilityWatch: Missile strike rocks Israel’s ‘Little India’ as Iran attack injures over 40; videos show chaosOver 100 injured in Israel amid Iran’s missile attack; Netanyahu calls it ‘difficult evening in battle for future’“Prime Minister Narendra Modi is now the longest-serving head of a government in India. Pure devotion to the nation and its people defines PM Modi Ji. From his unwavering commitment as the Chief Minister of Gujarat to his dedicated leadership as the Prime Minister, his life has been a continuous journey of service,” Singh wrote in a post on X.Home minister Amit Shah called PM Modi’s service in governance as ‘hard work and unwavering commitment.’In a post on X, Shah wrote: “A milestone rooted in service, hard work and unwavering commitment. Today, PM Narendra Modi ji surpasses the 8,930-day record of former Sikkim CM Pawan Kumar Chamling, becoming the longest-serving head of a government in India. PM Modi Ji’s 8,931 days in public life, first as Gujarat CM and now as Prime Minister reflect a deep dedication to nation-first governance, integrity in action, and tireless service to every citizen. A rare legacy built on unprecedented trust and unparalleled Seva.”The milestone comes alongside PM Modi’s growing global digital presence. Earlier, he became the first world leader to cross 100 million followers on Instagram. He has more than double the followers of US President Donald Trump, who has over 43 million followers. About the AuthorTOI News DeskThe TOI News Desk comprises a dedicated and tireless team of journalists who operate around the clock to deliver the most current and comprehensive news and updates to the readers of The Times of India worldwide. With an unwavering commitment to excellence in journalism, our team is at the forefront of gathering, verifying, and presenting breaking news, in-depth analysis, and insightful reports on a wide range of topics. The TOI News Desk is your trusted source for staying informed and connected to the ever-evolving global landscape, ensuring that our readers are equipped with the latest developments that matter most.”Read MoreEnd of ArticleFollow Us On Social MediaVideos‘Selective Narrative’: 275 Ex-Officials, Judges Slam USCIRF Over ‘Disturbing’ Report On IndiaLPG Tanker ‘Pyxis Pioneer’ With Over 47,000 Tonnes Of Fuel From US Arrives At New Mangalore PortSeveral Injured In Dimona As Iranian Missile Hits Israel’s ‘Little India’; Videos Show ChaosJaishankar Speaks To Iran FM Araghchi, Discusses West Asia Conflict, Strait Of Hormuz Situation”Claims Are Baseless” Says Former Envoy Sanjay Verma On Trudeau’s AllegationsRahul Gandhi Warns Of Inflation Wave Amid Rupee Fall, Slams Modi Govt Over StrategyVillage Playgrounds To Mega Stadiums: Yogi Adityanath Outlines UP Sports VisionIndia Weighs Return To Iranian Crude As US Grants Short Waiver During Oil Supply DisruptionTamil Nadu Elections 2026: Chidambaram Targets AIADMK-BJP Alliance, EPS’s Delhi Visits Trigger RowINS Taragiri To Commission by April 2026, Fourth Project 17A Stealth Frigate to Join In 11 Months123PhotostoriesTop 7 premium residential hotspots in NoidaWhat happens to your heart after a stressful day? Why it doesn’t fully rest, and how to help it recover7 hyperlocal foods of Uttar Pradesh with GI-tag that one needs to tryDinesh Karthik’s self-designed bungalow in Chennai with superstar Rajinikanth as his neighbour is a ₹10 crore sporting sanctuary7 traditional ways India enjoys raw mango during summerTour of Sania Mirza’s ₹13 crore Hyderabad residence; a Greek-inspired luxury villa with personal styleIMD issues nationwide alert: Rain, thunderstorms, gusty winds to hit these states; all you need to knowTop 5 luxury real estate hotspots in Gurgaon for future growthThe 50: From when and where to watch, prize money to the top 12 contestants- all you need to know ahead of the grand finaleCute first and middle names for your baby girl123Hot PicksIran newsGautam SinghaniaStrait of HormuzGold rate todayIncome Tax CalculatorPublic holidays March 2026Bank Holidays MarchTop TrendingBihar board result 2026Air India Boeing 77760% free seat ruleQatar LNG ExportsMojtaba KhameneiJames GraceySpring EquinoxDiesel price hike8th Pay CommissionPremium Petrol Price Hike

PM Narendra Modi (Image/PTI) NEW DELHI: Prime Minister Narendra Modi on Sunday became the longest-serving head of a government, completing 8,931 days in office. He surpassed the previous record held by Pawan Kumar Chamling who served as Sikkim’s chief minister for over 24 years, remaining 8930 days in office.PM Modi served as the chief minister of Gujarat for over 13 years from October 7, 2001 to May 21, 2014. During this period, he became the longest-serving chief minister of the state, winning four consecutive terms in 2001, 2002, 2007 and 2012.He later assumed office as the Prime Minister of India in 2014 and has since been re-elected in 2019 and 2024, making him a three-term PM.Defence minister Rajnath Singh congratulated PM Modi for achieving a significant milestone in his long public service.Israel Iran WarUS-Israel-Iran War News Live Updates: Iran vows tit-for-tat strike after Trump’s 48hr ultimatum, threatens to hit US-Israel energy facilityWatch: Missile strike rocks Israel’s ‘Little India’ as Iran attack injures over 40; videos show chaosOver 100 injured in Israel amid Iran’s missile attack; Netanyahu calls it ‘difficult evening in battle for future’“Prime Minister Narendra Modi is now the longest-serving head of a government in India. Pure devotion to the nation and its people defines PM Modi Ji. From his unwavering commitment as the Chief Minister of Gujarat to his dedicated leadership as the Prime Minister, his life has been a continuous journey of service,” Singh wrote in a post on X.Home minister Amit Shah called PM Modi’s service in governance as ‘hard work and unwavering commitment.’In a post on X, Shah wrote: “A milestone rooted in service, hard work and unwavering commitment. Today, PM Narendra Modi ji surpasses the 8,930-day record of former Sikkim CM Pawan Kumar Chamling, becoming the longest-serving head of a government in India. PM Modi Ji’s 8,931 days in public life, first as Gujarat CM and now as Prime Minister reflect a deep dedication to nation-first governance, integrity in action, and tireless service to every citizen. A rare legacy built on unprecedented trust and unparalleled Seva.”The milestone comes alongside PM Modi’s growing global digital presence. Earlier, he became the first world leader to cross 100 million followers on Instagram. He has more than double the followers of US President Donald Trump, who has over 43 million followers. About the AuthorTOI News DeskThe TOI News Desk comprises a dedicated and tireless team of journalists who operate around the clock to deliver the most current and comprehensive news and updates to the readers of The Times of India worldwide. With an unwavering commitment to excellence in journalism, our team is at the forefront of gathering, verifying, and presenting breaking news, in-depth analysis, and insightful reports on a wide range of topics. The TOI News Desk is your trusted source for staying informed and connected to the ever-evolving global landscape, ensuring that our readers are equipped with the latest developments that matter most.”Read MoreEnd of ArticleFollow Us On Social MediaVideos‘Selective Narrative’: 275 Ex-Officials, Judges Slam USCIRF Over ‘Disturbing’ Report On IndiaLPG Tanker ‘Pyxis Pioneer’ With Over 47,000 Tonnes Of Fuel From US Arrives At New Mangalore PortSeveral Injured In Dimona As Iranian Missile Hits Israel’s ‘Little India’; Videos Show ChaosJaishankar Speaks To Iran FM Araghchi, Discusses West Asia Conflict, Strait Of Hormuz Situation”Claims Are Baseless” Says Former Envoy Sanjay Verma On Trudeau’s AllegationsRahul Gandhi Warns Of Inflation Wave Amid Rupee Fall, Slams Modi Govt Over StrategyVillage Playgrounds To Mega Stadiums: Yogi Adityanath Outlines UP Sports VisionIndia Weighs Return To Iranian Crude As US Grants Short Waiver During Oil Supply DisruptionTamil Nadu Elections 2026: Chidambaram Targets AIADMK-BJP Alliance, EPS’s Delhi Visits Trigger RowINS Taragiri To Commission by April 2026, Fourth Project 17A Stealth Frigate to Join In 11 Months123PhotostoriesTop 7 premium residential hotspots in NoidaWhat happens to your heart after a stressful day? Why it doesn’t fully rest, and how to help it recover7 hyperlocal foods of Uttar Pradesh with GI-tag that one needs to tryDinesh Karthik’s self-designed bungalow in Chennai with superstar Rajinikanth as his neighbour is a ₹10 crore sporting sanctuary7 traditional ways India enjoys raw mango during summerTour of Sania Mirza’s ₹13 crore Hyderabad residence; a Greek-inspired luxury villa with personal styleIMD issues nationwide alert: Rain, thunderstorms, gusty winds to hit these states; all you need to knowTop 5 luxury real estate hotspots in Gurgaon for future growthThe 50: From when and where to watch, prize money to the top 12 contestants- all you need to know ahead of the grand finaleCute first and middle names for your baby girl123Hot PicksIran newsGautam SinghaniaStrait of HormuzGold rate todayIncome Tax CalculatorPublic holidays March 2026Bank Holidays MarchTop TrendingBihar board result 2026Air India Boeing 77760% free seat ruleQatar LNG ExportsMojtaba KhameneiJames GraceySpring EquinoxDiesel price hike8th Pay CommissionPremium Petrol Price Hike

PM Narendra Modi (Image/PTI) NEW DELHI: Prime Minister Narendra Modi on Sunday became the longest-serving head of a government, completing 8,931 days in office. He surpassed the previous record held by Pawan Kumar Chamling who served as Sikkim’s chief minister for over 24 years, remaining 8930 days in office.PM Modi served as the chief minister…

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Mar 22, 2026, 13:54 IST

Mar 22, 2026, 13:54 IST

Indian opener Prithvi Shaw made an emotional return to the Arun Jaitley Stadium as he rejoined the Delhi Capitals (DC) camp ahead of the Indian Premier League (IPL) 2026 season, set to begin on March 28.Shaw’s long-standing association with Delhi Capitals came to an end after seven seasons when the franchise released him ahead of…

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March FPI outflow: Foreign investors pull out Rs 88,180 cr amid Middle East tensions; over Rs 1 lakh cr withdrawn so far in 2026

March FPI outflow: Foreign investors pull out Rs 88,180 cr amid Middle East tensions; over Rs 1 lakh cr withdrawn so far in 2026

Foreign investors have turned cautious on Indian equities this month, pulling out Rs 88,180 crore so far as rising global tensions, a weakening rupee and high oil prices dent sentiment. The sharp outflow comes just weeks after a strong February, when foreign portfolio investors (FPIs) had pumped in Rs 22,615 crore, the highest in 17…

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